2 Samuel 8:1

Authorized King James Version

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And after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them: and David took Metheg-ammah out of the hand of the Philistines.

Original Language Analysis

וַֽיְהִי֙ H1961
וַֽיְהִי֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 15
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
אַֽחֲרֵי And after H310
אַֽחֲרֵי And after
Strong's: H310
Word #: 2 of 15
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
כֵ֔ן H3651
כֵ֔ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 3 of 15
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
וַיַּ֥ךְ smote H5221
וַיַּ֥ךְ smote
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 4 of 15
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
דָּוִ֛ד them and David H1732
דָּוִ֛ד them and David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 5 of 15
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ of the Philistines H6430
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ of the Philistines
Strong's: H6430
Word #: 7 of 15
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
וַיַּכְנִיעֵ֑ם and subdued H3665
וַיַּכְנִיעֵ֑ם and subdued
Strong's: H3665
Word #: 8 of 15
properly, to bend the knee; hence, to humiliate, vanquish
וַיִּקַּ֥ח took H3947
וַיִּקַּ֥ח took
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 9 of 15
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
דָּוִ֛ד them and David H1732
דָּוִ֛ד them and David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 10 of 15
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מֶ֥תֶג H0
מֶ֥תֶג
Strong's: H0
Word #: 12 of 15
הָֽאַמָּ֖ה Methegammah H4965
הָֽאַמָּ֖ה Methegammah
Strong's: H4965
Word #: 13 of 15
metheg-ha-ammah, an epithet of gath
מִיַּ֥ד out of the hand H3027
מִיַּ֥ד out of the hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 14 of 15
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ of the Philistines H6430
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ of the Philistines
Strong's: H6430
Word #: 15 of 15
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

Analysis & Commentary

And after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them: and David took Metheg-ammah out of the hand of the Philistines.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Military Victories, emphasizing God granting victory and expansion. David's military campaigns demonstrate God's promise-keeping (Genesis 15:18-21) regarding territorial boundaries. The Hebrew emphasizes that "the LORD gave David victory wherever he went," attributing success to divine enablement rather than mere military prowess. Theological themes include God's sovereignty over nations, the legitimacy of defensive/offensive warfare under certain circumstances, and proper use of conquered wealth for God's purposes.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 8 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding God granting victory and expansion provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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